Concrete building construction



g 27o Feb 8 A. A. Koivu CONCRETE BUILDG CONSTRUCTION' Filed Sept. 20,1926 i Patented Feb. 8,1927.

ALFRED A. KOIV'U, 0F YORK, I.

CONCRETE. BUILDING CONSTRUCTION.

Application mea september 2o, 1926. seriarnpflsceo.

This invention relates to buildings, espe. ciallv for residentialpurposes, in which the chie element of the walls, and sometimes thepartitions, consists of concrete, or other hard 5 setting material. Y

The most common method heretofore .employed for the construction of suchbuildings involves the use of wood form boards which areremoved afterthe concrete which was poured between them becomes hardened or set. Thenwhen inner plaster, or outer stucco, or both, are applied to the cementsurfaces, firm and durable adherence of such coatings, can not bedepended upon to resist cracking unless furring and expanded metalv lathis iirst applied to the, face of the concrete.

The principal objectfof my invention is to provide inexpensive andsimply constructed buildings which are strong, substantially fire proofand heat insulated.

Another object is to provide concrete buildings capable of carrying astucco finish 2 and without employing expanded metal lath or equivalent.

'With the above and other objects hereinafter referred to in view, theinvention consists in the method and the combination of elementssubstantially as hereinafter described and claimed.

Of the accompanying drawings,

Figure 1 is a perspective view of so much ofa wall constructed accordingto my invention as is necessary to an understanding of the same, theconcrete lling being omitted, and a corner portion broken away to betterillustrate the fibrousl material.

. Figure 2 represents a verticalvr section of the same, with part of theconcrete filling in lace.- .Y p Figure 3 represents a section on line 33 of Flgure 2. y

Figurefl is a plan view on a smaller scale illustrating a utilityhereinafter` described.

Similar reference characters lindicate similar parts or features in allof the views.

The sheets on slabs 12 are rough-surfaced and preferabl they arecomposed chiefly of somewhat soft and. capable of being bent' if roundedor curvedwall portions are desired. And an important characteristic isthat said material, which is.y slow-burning, is a very eilective heatinsulator. 'For ythe sake of brevity the sheets or slabs, which, inpracand retaining the same without cracking,

sugar cane fi er. ,They are sti, although y tice, may be convenientlycut tosuch 'sizes as 1 X16 feet, will be hereinafter referred to asfiber boards.

Preferably each board has one surface rendered waterproof byacoating ofa suitable composition such as black asphaltum paint, indicated at 13 inFigure 2.

To hold the fiberboards in the relationship illustrated, uniform wireclips are employed. Each clip `comprises a length of wir'e bent to forma loop or eye 14 at its mid-length, and arms -15 diverging therefrom,each arm l5 terminating in a U-shaped portion 16, 17, 18, to grip aboard 12.- The portions 16, 18, enga e the inner and outer faces of theboards w ile the portions 17 engage and are pressed into the edges ofthe boards.

The clips are held in their pro er posi- 4tions duringthe erection of awall y vertical rods 19 passing through the eyes 14 ofI the clips.

WhenA a wall is being built a course of boards 12 will first be set endto end and in two rows on a suitable `foundation not necessary toillustrate, and their edges connected by several clips suitably spacedas, for instance, 8 to 12 inches apart, Then,

rods 19 arepassed down through the eyes 14 and concrete is poured orpuddledlinto the s ace between the boards as indicated at a in ig'ure 2,nearly to the upper edges of the boards. Ther-ods 19 ensure retention ofl the clips in proper positions with their U- shaped portions verticalduring all assembling and concrete filling.

When the first-poured concrete has hardened, or nearl so, another set ofclips, the U-shaped ortlons of which open u wardly andwith t e loweredges of a secon row'of boards engaged therein, are mounted' asillustrated, with the eyes 14 ofthe clips strung on the rods 19 whichthereby maintain the several rows of boards in proper verticalrelationship. Each added row of boardsis ressed down so that, owing tothe comparatlve softness of their cut edges, the edges of theboards canbe brought c osev todther (Fig. 3) the ortions 17 of the clips ingembedded in t e opposite or adjacent edges of the boards. This providessuch a close joint that when more concrete is then pouredinto the spacebetween the boardspractically none will escape through crev- 1m.

- '111e next step win' be ai add more clips engagi with their` eyes 14strung on the rods 19 and the upper` edges of the second" row of boar asshown at the top of Figure 1,

and the second pouring of,v concrete will be effected.v `The operationsor steps described will then be repeated until the desired height of,the wall Ais attained.

Owing to the rough surfaces of the boards andthe fibrous characteristicsthereof such asl the well known types of compressed fibrous lumber,plaster and stucco material as indicated in Figure 2 at y and zrespectively, will readily adhere permanently thereto without employingany uniting elementsor compositions. For reinforcing of the stuccoitself a coarse wiremesh may be embedded in the firstcoating,and saidplasterand stucco completely cover and conceal the end portions 18 ofthe wire couplings or board-uniting clips.

The rods 19 not only serve to hold or steady the clips in theirpositions with their U-shapled portions opening. downwardly or upwardlyduring constructlon of the wall,

but they serve as reinforcing rods for the completed wall.x ,Said rodscan be of almost any length. Ifnot long enough to equal the total heightof the w'all, shorter ones can be employed because, at any time, a rodcan be added with itslower end resting on the Vsurface of a set mass ofconcrete.

Owing to the fact that the fibre boards can be bent or curved asindicated by Fig. 4, a building can be erected in the manner describedand having portions such asare called bay window projections, orprovided with various other architectural shapes not easily obtainablewith present methods of construction.

While I have referred to the slabs or boards as made of materialcomposed chiefly of sugar cane libre, I do not rlimit myself thereto asother suitable heat or cold insulating material mightA be employed. 'Itis also to beunderstood that by the term concrete Ixdo not mean to limitmyselt` to any specific kind of concrete, as the material may be anysuitable kind capable of setting hard afterpouring. For the sake ofbrevity I refer to such material as concrete.

' Having now described my invention, I claim--l 1. A building wallcomprising outer and lnner upright rough-surfaced boards of cellularmaterial united at intervals and hav-- thereto.

3. The combination with a' building wall of inner and outer cellularberboards and a concrete filling between them, clips having.

U-shaped end portions engaging the edges of the boards and havingintermediate eyes, and upright rods extending through said eyes, thesaid boards having .cementitious faces bonded thereto.

4. Means for uniting inner and outer members of a wall, said meansconsisting of wire bent to provide a mid-length eye with arms extendingin opposite directions from the eye and having U-shaped terminals, thesaid terminals extending ina direction to present their openings or.mouths facing in the same` direction as the axis of the said mid-lengtheye.

5. A building wall comprising outer and inner upright substantiallyrigid cellular fibrous boards united at intervals by clips havingU-shaped end portions engaging the said boards and pressed substantiallyhalf their depth in each of the two upper and lower boards adjacent eachof said clips, and having intermediate eyes whichregister, a reinforcingrod extending through the registering eves and a filling of concreteenveloping sai clips and reinforcements and bonding with the cellularfibrous boards, and a layer of cementitious material on each'of theexposed faces of the-wall.

In testimony whereof I have aiixed my signature.

ALFRED A. KOIVU.

